Journal of Agricultural Policy and Transformation
AgriPaT – Journal of Agricultural Policy & Transformation is an international, peer-reviewed journal committed to advancing high-quality research and informed dialogue on agricultural policy, socio-economic transformation, sustainability, and innovation. It serves as a global platform that connects academic scholarship with policy and practice, aiming to influence decision-making and support institutional reforms in agriculture and rural development. Emphasizing the integration of global perspectives with local realities, the journal encourages contributions from both developed and developing regions and promotes comparative, multidisciplinary research that addresses structural challenges and fosters resilient, inclusive, and sustainable agri-food systems. Through a rigorous double-blind peer-review process, AgriPaT publishes research articles, reviews, special issues, and commentaries that provide both theoretical insights and practical solutions. By engaging academics, policymakers, and practitioners, the journal seeks to catalyze evidence-based dialogue and contribute to equitable, future-ready agricultural transformation in the face of climate change, resource constraints, and evolving socio-economic dynamics.
All articles published in AgriPaT are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Digital Banking Beyond Access: Institutional and Adoption Dynamics of FinTech in South and Southeast Asia
Digital banking and financial technology (FinTech) have become central to financial system modernization in emerging economies, yet their developmental impact depends on institutional design, sectoral integration, and user adoption. While several South Asian countries have embedded digital finance within coherent, sector-specific policy frameworks, Pakistan’s experience remains uneven, with digital banking expansion showing limited linkage to productive economic activities. This study examines Pakistan’s digital banking landscape from a comparative institutional perspective, using agriculture as a focal sector to assess how institutional coordination and adoption behavior shape FinTech outcomes. The study employs an exploratory mixed-methods approach, combining cross-country secondary indicators (2018–2024) from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Malaysia with primary survey evidence from digital banking users in Pakistan. Rather than testing causal relationships, the analysis evaluates patterns of association between digital banking penetration, institutional coherence, and sectoral engagement, interpreted through Financial Intermediation Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, and Innovation Diffusion Theory. Findings show that despite initiatives such as Raast and the Kissan Card, digital banking usage in Pakistan remains largely transactional and urban-centered, with limited integration into agricultural finance. Comparative evidence indicates that countries with stronger institutional alignment and sector-specific digital finance strategies achieve deeper productive engagement. Survey results further highlight behavioral constraints, including trust deficits, limited awareness, and gender-based access disparities in rural areas. The study concludes that FinTech-enabled digital banking is not inherently transformative; its effectiveness depends on institutional embedding, interoperability, and sustained user engagement to support inclusive and productivity-oriented development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright for articles published in AgriPaT is retained by the authors. However, the authors grant The AgEcon Frontiers sPvt. Ltd., the publisher of AgriPaT, the non-exclusive right to publish, archive, and distribute the final version of the manuscript in all forms and media. All works are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and the source are properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Eco-Friendly Biochar for Stress Mitigation and Sustainable Crop Farming
Climate change, land degradation, and the need to feed a growing population pose serious threats to global agriculture. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient loss reduce crop productivity, while intensive farming further depletes soil quality. These challenges highlight the importance of sustainable soil management practices that enhance resilience and environmental sustainability. Among emerging solutions, biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of organic matter, has shown great potential as a soil amendment. This review synthesizes recent research on the role of biochar in alleviating abiotic stress and promoting sustainable crop production. Evidence from the past 15 years indicates that biochar improves soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties, leading to enhanced water retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity. These benefits strengthen crop tolerance to drought and salinity, stabilize yields, and support efficient resource use. Additionally, biochar contributes to climate change mitigation by capturing carbon dioxide and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite its promise, biochar adoption faces barriers such as inconsistent feedstock quality, high production costs, and limited policy support. Future research should optimize production methods, assess long-term impacts, and develop supportive frameworks to integrate biochar into sustainable agriculture for improved food security and climate resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright for articles published in AgriPaT is retained by the authors. However, the authors grant The AgEcon Frontiers (SMC-PRIVATE) Limited, the publisher of AgriPaT, the non-exclusive right to publish, archive, and distribute the final version of the manuscript in all forms and media. All works are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and the source are properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Defence Savings Certificates in Pakistan’s GDP Performance
This study empirically investigates the impact of Defence Saving Certificates (DSCs) on Pakistan’s gross domestic product (GDP), addressing an important gap in the literature on domestic savings instruments and macroeconomic performance. DSCs are government-sponsored, low-risk financial instruments administered by the National Savings Organisation (NSO) and are designed to mobilize household savings for public financing. Despite their widespread use and fiscal importance, their specific contribution to economic growth has remained underexplored in empirical research. Using annual time-series data spanning the period from 1990 to 2024, this study applies an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling framework to examine the dynamic relationship between GDP, DSC investments, gross capital formation (GCF), and gross domestic savings (GDS). The results indicate a statistically significant and positive relationship between DSCs and GDP, suggesting that increased investment in these certificates contributes meaningfully to overall economic output by channeling domestic savings into productive public use. Consistent with economic theory, GCF also exhibits a strong positive effect on GDP, reflecting the role of investment in driving growth. In contrast, GDS does not show a significant direct relationship with GDP within the estimated model, implying that savings alone may not translate into growth without effective financial intermediation. The study concludes that DSCs represent an effective fiscal and financial instrument for supporting economic growth in Pakistan. It recommends policy measures to enhance their accessibility, expand digital platforms, and strengthen the institutional capacity of the NSO to better harness domestic savings for sustainable national development.
Institutional Governance and Smart Resource Management in Faisalabad’s Industrial Sector
Smart cities signal a clear shift in how urban and industrial spaces are governed, managed, and maintained, with digital innovation and participatory approaches at the center of decision-making. This paper examines how institutional governance can enable the adoption of smart city principles in the industrial sector of Faisalabad. The study draws on a structured review of peer-reviewed literature indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published between 2020 and 2025, supplemented by relevant government and NGO reports. After applying defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a thematic analysis was conducted to synthesize key insights. The paper contributes to the literature by integrating Institutional Theory with Smart Governance Theory to explain how governance arrangements shape the effectiveness of digital technologies in industrial cities within developing economies. Findings highlight that technology-driven governance and active stakeholder engagement are critical for efficient resource management and sustainable industrial growth. Three coordination mechanisms emerge as central to improving governance outcomes: strong institutional coordination, digital transparency, and effective public-private partnerships. Faisalabad’s industrial base, particularly its textile and export-oriented sectors, shows strong potential for transformation through smart resource management, including IoT-based monitoring, data-driven energy management, and digital waste systems. However, the study also identifies persistent institutional barriers, such as bureaucratic rigidity, weak data-sharing mechanisms, and limited inter-agency collaboration. Addressing these challenges requires integrated smart governance frameworks that align technological advancement with inclusive and accountable decision-making. Overall, the study adds context-specific evidence to global debates on smart governance, with relevance for developing economies where digital readiness and governance reforms are still evolving.
Smart Governance, Institutional Reform, Resource Management, Technology Integration, Citizen Participation, Industrial Governance
Assessing Socioeconomic Predictors of Nutritional Quality in Urban Households: A Case Study of Faisalabad, Punjab
This study examines the socioeconomic determinants of healthy eating habits and their implications for household health outcomes in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The primary objective is to assess how household structure, employment status, education, income levels, and access to food shape dietary patterns across different socioeconomic groups. In Faisalabad, pronounced income disparities limit the ability of low-income households to access nutritious food, often resulting in poor dietary choices and a higher prevalence of diet-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular conditions. Using primary data collected from households representing diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, the study explores dietary practices, levels of nutritional awareness, and food-related constraints faced by different demographic groups. Regression analysis reveals that socioeconomic factors play a significant role in shaping dietary diversity. In the first model, the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was used as the dependent variable (R² = 0.208; p < 0.001). Education, income, marital status, and home ownership were positively associated with DDS, while household size showed a negative relationship, indicating resource dilution in larger families. These findings suggest that households with greater economic stability and higher educational attainment tend to consume more diverse diets. In the second model, Body Mass Index (BMI) served as the dependent variable (R² = 0.029; p = 0.016). DDS emerged as a positive but weak predictor of BMI, with a one-unit increase in dietary diversity associated with a 0.33-unit rise in BMI. Overall, the results indicate that while socioeconomic status strongly influences diet quality, dietary diversity alone has a limited effect on BMI, highlighting the importance of other factors such as lifestyle, physical activity, and genetic predispositions in determining household health outcomes.
: Socioeconomic determinants, healthy diet, dietary diversity, household health, income, education, regression analysis, nutritional health, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Socioeconomic determinants, healthy diet, dietary diversity, household health, income, education, regression analysis, nutritional health, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Climate Change, Agricultural Performance, and Resilience in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis
As the impacts of climate change grow more severe, Bangladesh is pioneering green agriculture to secure its agricultural future. This approach embraces sustainable farming practices, enabling farmers to adapt to shifting environmental conditions while safeguarding food security and protecting natural resources. Climate change is significantly impacting Bangladesh's agriculture sector, leading to reduced crop yields, increased salinity, and shifts in rainfall patterns. These changes threaten food security and livelihoods, particularly for coastal communities. However, Bangladesh is also pioneering green agriculture and adaptation strategies to mitigate these effects. Climate change poses significant challenges to Bangladesh's agriculture sector, but the country is actively working towards adaptation and mitigation strategies to build resilience and ensure food security. By promoting green agriculture, implementing water management techniques, and supporting farmers with the necessary resources and knowledge, Bangladesh can strive to overcome the challenges of climate change and build a more sustainable agricultural future. In this paper the author analysis the impact of environmental change on agriculture of Bangladesh. The study used trend analysis, Chi square test, and regression analysis for data analysis purposes.
Climate Resilience, Agriculture, Environmental Change, Trend Analysis,Environmental factor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright for articles published in AgriPaT is retained by the authors. However, the authors grant The AgEcon Frontiers (sPvt). Ltd., the publisher of AgriPaT, the non-exclusive right to publish, archive, and distribute the final version of the manuscript in all forms and media. All works are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and the source are properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovation Subsidy Design and Payments for Ecosystem Services: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Multilateral Environmental Governance
Unsustainable land use practices are a major contributor to climate change through increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) offer a promising solution by providing financial incentives to individuals and communities that engage in sustainable natural resource management. In Pakistan, where environmental challenges such as desertification, deforestation, and water scarcity are escalating due to climate change and poor land governance, PES remains underutilized and insufficiently embedded in environmental and agricultural policy frameworks. This study examined the household-level socio-economic and land-use characteristics across four ecological zones of Punjab. The study investigates the potential for innovation subsidy designs under a payment for ecosystem services (PES) framework. Quantitative results show that the PES program significantly increased household income (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>β</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>3</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt; height:12.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" o:title="" chromakey="white"/> </v:shape><![endif]--> = 0.550, p < 0.1) and adoption of sustainable practices (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>β</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>3</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:12.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" o:title="" chromakey="white"/> </v:shape><![endif]--> = 0.310, p < 0.1). While vegetation cover showed a positive trend (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>β</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>3</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:12.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" o:title="" chromakey="white"/> </v:shape><![endif]--> = 0.120$), ecological gains were moderate compared to socio-economic shifts. To ensure long-term success, Pakistan should formally integrate PES into the Climate Change Act through decentralized institutional coordination and timely payment disbursement. The results offer a practical roadmap for scaling up sustainable incentive mechanisms in line with the Pakistan Climate Change Act and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Findings suggest that redesigned subsidies focusing on water-efficient crops and soil regeneration led to improved water use efficiency and increased farm-level incomes. PES initiatives showed moderate ecological improvements but high levels of community engagement and interest.
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors retain the copyright of their published work and grant the journal the right of first publication. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bridging the Knowledge-Practice Gap through Participatory Field Distillation of Eucalyptus Essential Oils in Punjab, Pakistan
Smallholder farmers in Pakistan struggle to adopt eucalyptus essential oil extraction (EOE) technologies due to limited technical knowledge and weak institutional support, resulting in suboptimal yields and inefficient practices. This study evaluates participatory field distillation demonstrations using a Training-of-Trainers (ToT) approach to enhance farmers’ knowledge and practices in Attock District, Punjab. Hands-on sessions and practical demonstrations covered key extraction processes, while pre- and post-intervention interviews assessed changes in knowledge and practices. Paired t-tests indicated significant improvements in harvest timing, extraction procedures, oil yield, and safety practices, with a large overall effect (Cohen’s d = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.28). Heterogeneity was substantial (I² = 67%, p = 0.0013), reflecting variable training outcomes, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) further supported positive shifts in farmers’ perceptions and readiness to adopt EOE technology. While causal inference is limited by the absence of a control group, the findings suggest that participatory field-based ToT demonstrations are associated with meaningful improvements in farmers’ technical knowledge and practices. The study offers practical insights for extension agencies and policymakers seeking to design scalable capacity-building programs to support sustainable essential oil production and rural livelihoods in Pakistan.
Essential oil extraction, Training-of-Trainers (ToT), Cohen’s d, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Capacity building
Local government system in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh: Review of research priorities and gaps
This study presents a systematic mapping of research on local government systems in three South Asian countries - Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh - with the aim of identifying key features, comparative differences, and critical research gaps. Drawing on 42 studies published over the past two decades, this review explores three core dimensions of local governance: decentralization, citizen participation, and public service delivery. The findings indicate that while political decentralization has received substantial academic attention, market decentralization remains largely neglected. Similarly, although decision-making processes under citizen participation are relatively well-studied, citizen feedback mechanisms are under-explored. Service delivery, particularly in terms of accountability, is discussed to a limited extent with other related aspects such as affordability and quality, receiving minimal focus. The review underscores that Pakistan’s local governance reforms have often reinforced centralized control under the guise of decentralization, while Bangladesh faces challenges of excessive central interference and limited autonomy. India, in contrast, has implemented several successful reforms, though smaller urban bodies remain underrepresented. This study concludes by highlighting the need for more interdisciplinary and multidimensional research approaches to address these gaps and strengthen local governance frameworks across South Asia.
Local government, Decentralization, Citizen Participation, Service delivery, South Asia.
Local governance, Citizen participation, decentralization, south asia.
Policy and practice for building climate-resilient agricultural systems, India
In India, as in many other developing nations, climate change is increasingly contributing to productivity crises among smallholder farming communities that rely heavily on climate-sensitive resources for their livelihoods. Erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and more frequent extreme weather events such as floods and droughts are intensifying production risks and undermining yield stability. These weather-related shocks further aggravate long-standing structural challenges, including environmental contamination from excessive agrochemical use, declining soil health, water scarcity, and public health concerns, while simultaneously suppressing already fragile rural income levels. Incremental and piecemeal interventions have proven insufficient to reverse these trends or build meaningful resilience. Although many of the technical solutions required for healthier, more efficient, and climate-resilient agricultural systems such as climate-smart practices, improved water management, and sustainable input use are well established and widely discussed, the enabling policy frameworks necessary for scaling these solutions remain inadequate. The policy landscape is highly fragmented, dispersed across multiple ministries and departments with overlapping mandates, weak coordination mechanisms, and inconsistent priorities. In addition, critical research components, particularly interdisciplinary and applied research, are underdeveloped or poorly integrated into policymaking. This results in a complex and disjointed system in which individual policy initiatives operate in isolation and fail to reinforce one another. Nevertheless, several recent and anticipated policy innovations offer promise, provided they are coherently aligned, sufficiently funded, and effectively implemented at scale.
India: Policy requirements for climate-resilient agriculture
Factors affecting animals' health management practices among women livestock keepers in rural areas: insights from district Faisalabad
Pakistan is an agrarian economy in which livestock plays a pivotal role, contributing 62.68% to agriculture and 14.36% to GDP. In rural areas, women are actively engaged in livestock management; however, they face significant challenges, particularly in animal health management, leading to economic losses. This study aimed to identify factors affecting animal health management practices among women livestock keepers in District Faisalabad. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, selecting Tehsil Faisalabad Sadar purposively, followed by two union councils and two villages from each council, and finally 120 respondents through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS. The results revealed that 63.3% of respondents were illiterate, while 88% perceived a lack of government support. A considerable proportion demonstrated awareness of zoonotic diseases (80%) and breeding-related issues (75%), and most could identify diseases such as lumpy skin disease (83%), respiratory infections (72%), and foot-and-mouth disease (84%). Despite this awareness, 95% relied on traditional or religious practices for treatment. Although 75% acknowledged the importance of vaccination, only 44.2% reported using vaccines and modern veterinary care. Bivariate analysis showed that age, education, income, and livestock-keeping experience had significant associations with animal health management practices, whereas government support was not statistically significant. The findings suggest that while women possess practical knowledge, limited education, financial constraints, and weak institutional support hinder effective adoption of improved practices. Strengthening extension services, improving access to veterinary care, promoting education and training, and providing financial support are essential to enhance livestock health management among rural women.
Women livestock keepers, Socio-economic attributes, knowledge about animal diseases, animal health management practices, traditional practices
Rural Sociology; Gender Studies; Agricultural Sociology
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Development, Energy Consumption, and Ecological Footprint in Pakistan
Environmental degradation poses serious challenges to sustainable development in Pakistan, where economic expansion, financial sector growth, and rising energy demand place increasing pressure on natural resources. This study examines the relationships among financial development, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, trade openness, ecological footprint, and economic growth using annual data for the period 1990–2019. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach is employed to explore both short-run and long-run dynamics among the variables. The empirical findings reveal that non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth significantly increase the ecological footprint, indicating greater environmental pressure. In contrast, renewable energy consumption and trade openness contribute to environmental improvement by reducing ecological degradation. Financial development shows a favorable environmental effect in the short run; however, its long-run impact on environmental quality is statistically weak. The results further indicate that financial development, renewable energy use, non-renewable energy use, and trade openness positively contribute to economic growth. Overall, the findings suggest that economic growth alone is insufficient to ensure environmental sustainability. A structural transformation of the energy system is necessary, with greater reliance on renewable energy sources. The study recommends promoting green financing, strengthening environmental regulations, and encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient technologies to achieve long-term sustainable development in Pakistan.
Financial development; Renewable energy; Ecological footprint; Economic growth; Trade openness
Financial Development, Renewable Energy, Non-Renewable Energy, Ecological Footprint, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Environmental Sustainability, Pakistan, ARDL Model, Energy Economics
Environmental Economics, Energy Economics, Agricultural and Resource Economics, Sustainable Development, Development Economics
Classification and Distribution Analysis of Crop Types in Mauza Mustafabad Using GIS: Implications for Agricultural Policy and Land Use
The study investigates agricultural patterns in Mauza Mustafabad through detailed crop classifying and analyzing using Geographic Information System (GIS) and sentinel- 2 satellite imagery. The study accesses 22 different crop categories across 7433 Khasra employing a supervised classification approach in ArcGIS to generate high-resolution agriculture map, with the primer focus on dominant agricultural landscape of different crops such as wheat, fodder and orchards. The outcome of the present research indicates that 67% of the districts have been allocated to wheat production, which has a potential yield of 258,598 metric tons. Crop density and farm size variability are reflected by the extremely well-defined geographical distribution of crops, which is correlated with the land use pattern. Further, a growing pattern in fish farming has also been addressed, which reflects variations in farming methods that drive financial incentives. The integration of classified satellite imagery with real time Khasra border system provides a reliable spatial framework for assessing land utilization and improving administrative decision making. Overall, this research shows how the integration of GIS based crop mapping and land record system can support evidence based agricultural policy, resource management and food security planning in Pakistan’s precision agriculture context.
Climate Change Adaptation and Farmers’ Resilience in Pakistan
To avoid the hazardous impact of climate change in agriculture sector particularly small farm holder, the adaptation to climate change requires time. The degree of adaptive responses has been slow among the famers since they have low adaptive capacities in developing countries like Pakistan owing to their ignorance. Thus, the purpose of study is to determine the awareness degree of the farmers, to examine the factors that impact the adaptive to climate change. Moreover, the type of the study is cross-sectional and 280 farmers data is gathered with the assistance of well-developed questionnaire on the basis of former researches. Multistage method is applied in collecting data in district Vehari. To carry out the data analysis, binary logit model and odd ration model is used in finding out the factors contributing to the adaptive capacity of climate change. In the foundation of the analysis of data presented in this paper, it is stated that climate adaptation to the climate change is talkative with the growth of information resources: technology can make agriculture too efficient and the climate change awareness. The facts presented in the current study are borne out by facts that indicate the need to award credits and finance long term, agricultural technologies that will hasten the ACC and in the short-term information on climate should be disseminated among the agricultural circles.
Climate change Climate change resilience Awareness Adaptive capacity
GIS-Based Crop Type Classification and Land Use Analysis in Mauza Mustafabad, Pakistan
This study examines the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address agricultural marketing challenges faced by farmers in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It evaluates farmers’ awareness, readiness, and willingness to adopt AI technologies while identifying key socioeconomic, technical, and institutional factors influencing adoption. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 200 purposively selected farmers, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, and binary logistic regression. Results showed that nearly two-thirds of farmers were willing to adopt AI-based tools and platforms, provided sufficient training, guidance, and digital infrastructure were available. Education, digital literacy, internet access, and trust in technology emerged as significant determinants of AI adoption. Conversely, inadequate infrastructure, high costs, limited access to affordable technology, and weak institutional support remained major barriers. The study concludes that targeted policy measures promoting digital literacy, expanding rural internet access, and providing financial and institutional incentives can substantially improve AI adoption in agricultural marketing. Strengthening digital infrastructure and enhancing farmers’ technological capabilities are therefore essential for Pakistan’s transition toward data-driven, efficient, and sustainable agricultural markets.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Agricultural Marketing, Digital Agriculture, Farmers, Pakistan, Technology Adoption, Market Challenges
Determinants of Solar-Powered Irrigation System Adoption Among Rice Farmers in Hafizabad, Pakistan
The growing energy crisis and worsening water scarcity in Pakistan have intensified the need for renewable energy solutions in agriculture. Among these, solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) have emerged as a sustainable and economically viable alternative to conventional irrigation methods, particularly in regions cultivating water-intensive crops such as rice. This study examines the socio-economic, technical, institutional, and perceptual factors influencing the adoption of SPIS among rice growers in the Hafizabad District of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 200 randomly selected rice farmers. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were employed to determine the relationship between farmer characteristics and the likelihood of adopting SPIS. The results revealed that education level, farm income, landholding size, access to credit, awareness, perceived economic benefits, and extension contact significantly affected adoption decisions. However, widespread diffusion of SPIS remains constrained by high initial investment costs, inadequate institutional support, and limited policy incentives. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions, including financial subsidies or credit facilities, technical training, awareness programs, and stronger institutional frameworks to accelerate the adoption of SPIS. Promoting such renewable technologies can enhance energy security, reduce production costs, and foster sustainable agricultural growth in Pakistan.
Solar energy, irrigation, technology adoption, rice growers, Hafizabad, Pakistan, renewable agriculture.
Financial Constraints in Technology Adoption
Mountain regions have increasingly gained strategic importance not only for tourism development but also for the restructuring of agricultural policies and rural economies. Located at the intersection of Central and Southern Anatolia, the Aladağlar Mountain Range has traditionally been associated with summer mountaineering and nature-based activities, while its winter tourism potential has remained largely underexplored. This article examines the development of winter tourism routes in Aladağlar within the framework of agricultural policy transformation, rural development, and sustainability. It argues that winter tourism should be conceptualized not merely as an alternative tourism product but as a complementary policy instrument that supports agricultural income diversification, mitigates seasonal vulnerability, and strengthens rural resilience. By adopting a policy-oriented analytical approach, the study highlights how integrated winter tourism routes can contribute to regional development objectives while aligning with sustainable land-use and climate adaptation strategies.
Aladağlar, winter tourism, agricultural policy, rural transformation, regional development, sustainability